Part Two: Overview Quiz

1. What is Clough's first point about carbon dioxide? *

A. That it is chemically identical to carbon monoxide

B. That it is not a pollutant but plant food, necessary for life

C. That it has no effect on temperature whatsoever

D. That it is the most dangerous atmospheric gas

2. Why does Clough discuss Al Gore's account of searching for meaning after a family tragedy? *

A. To ridicule him personally

B. To question whether the event occurred

C. To illustrate that environmentalism can function as a religious faith supplying purpose

D. To argue that politicians should not write books

3. According to the description Clough quotes, what does post-normal science treat as its key task? *

A. The establishment of factual knowledge

B. The reproduction of experiments

C. The training of new scientists

D. The maintenance of quality and agreement on perceptions and narratives

4. What was Eisenhower's second warning in his 1961 farewell address? *

A. That the military-industrial complex would collapse

B. That scientific research should never receive public funding

C. That public policy could become the captive of a scientific and technological elite

D. That universities should be closed

5. How does Clough explain the funding loop created after the Second World War? *

A. Laboratories must persuade Congress that they are solving a national problem in order to be funded

B. Laboratories are funded entirely by private donors

C. Congress funds laboratories without any justification

D. Laboratories were all shut down after the war

6. Why does Clough say the phrase "science says" is a logical fallacy? *

A. Because scientists never make public statements

B. Because science is an abstract noun and not a person; scientists speak, science does not

C. Because science has no conclusions at all

D. Because the phrase is grammatically incorrect

7. What does Clough argue the comparison of forty-four climate models with satellite data shows? *

A. That the models match observation precisely

B. That satellite data is unavailable

C. That the models run consistently warm compared with observed temperatures

D. That temperatures have risen faster than predicted

8. What three historical examples does Clough use to critique the doctrine of sustainability? *

A. Coal, nuclear power, and solar panels

B. Peat, whale oil, and wood

C. Water, wind, and steam

D. Iron, bronze, and steel

9. According to Clough, what assumptions must be in place for science to be possible? *

A. That the universe is random and unpredictable

B. That human minds cannot know anything with confidence

C. That nature is divine and should not be experimented upon

D. A designed and orderly universe, valid laws of logic, a mind able to comprehend it, and the uniformity of nature

10. What three articles of faith does Clough say science itself rests upon? *

A. Observation, measurement, and calculation

B. Funding, publication, and peer review

C. The laws of logic, the uniformity of nature, and the correspondence of the mind to reality

D. Consensus, authority, and tradition